Education History
Recommendation, April 15, 2007
Editors:
Kim Bartkus, HR-XML Consortium, Inc.
Contributors:
Members of the Recruiting & Staffing workgroup
Members of the Screening workgroup
Members of the SIDES workgroup
Copyright © 2007 HR-XML Consortium, Inc.
Abstract
This document describes the education history schema, including a few examples of how it might be used.
Table of Contents
3.1 EducationHistoryType Diagram
3.2 EducationHistoryType Definitions
4 Implementation Considerations
4.2 Structures Replacing Deprecated Items
4.2.2 Institution Classification
5 Appendix A - Document Version History
6 Appendix B – Related Documents
1 Overview
This specification provides a method to exchange historical education information between trading partners. The schema is not intended to be stand-alone, rather it should be included within other HR-XML schemas. The historical education information may be used for a wide-range of Human Resource business processes. Therefore, it is considered a cross-process object.
1.1 Objective
The objective of this specification is to provide a flexible education history schema. This version will be backwards compatible with Resume, BackgroundCheck, and SIDES. It will also allow for the flexibility required for new development.
The modifications for this version will enhance the global use of the standard.
1.2 Design Requirements
Design requirements include:
· Syntax MUST be self-documenting
· Schema MUST be easy to understand and use
· Schema MUST use approved CPO standards
· Designed for easy reuse
· Backwards compatible with the components used in Resume and BackgroundCheck
2 Business Process Supported
This schema may be used in a wide-range of Human Resource business processes. The following are only two examples that might use the EducationHistory schema.
2.1 Recruiting and Staffing
An individual seeking a job may provide education experience information pertinent to a job. For example, an individual that completed programming courses could use the knowledge gained to apply for a Java programming job. This education history is typically provided on a resume or CV.
2.2 Employee Screening
Often, an employer will request information on a potential employee during the hiring process. This request may include information about education history. This might be used to verify data entered on a resume or job application. For example, an applicant might claim he completed a degree in Human Resource Management. The screening company may request verification of this claim by using the EducationHistory schema in a data exchange between the screening company and the school or institution, or to provide feedback to the potential employer.
3 Schema Design
3.1 EducationHistoryType Diagram
3.2 EducationHistoryType Definitions
|
Global
types |
ContentModel* |
Definition |
|
/ |
xsd:restriction base: xsd:string [Enumerations]: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/ |
xsd:restriction base: xsd:string [Enumerations]: department, subSchool |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/ |
- [Union]: orgTypes,xsd:string |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/ |
xsd:restriction base: xsd:string [Enumerations]: highschool, secondary, trade, community, college, university |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/ |
- [Union]: schoolTypes,xsd:string |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/ |
xsd:restriction base: xsd:string [Enumerations]: current, prior, joint, degree |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
3.3 EduDegreeType Diagram
3.4 EduDegreeType Definitions
|
Elements and Attributes [Global types listed alphabetically in following table.] |
ContentModel* |
Definition |
|
|
/ |
degreeType - DegreeTypeStringExtensionType
- optional |
Contains the degree information such as degree name, type and date. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType] / |
- DegreeTypeStringExtensionType - |
[Deprecated: The type of
degree. ] |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType] / |
- xsd:boolean - |
Indicates the individual passed
an exam related to or required for the degree. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType] / |
- GraduatingDegreeType - |
Indicates if a diploma,
certificate, or other material acknowledgement is issued at the completion of
the curriculum. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ |
xsd:extension base: xsd:string |
The subject studied, as expressed
on the diploma. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ DegreeName/ |
- xsd:string - |
Names any academic honors
associated with the degree. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ DegreeName/ |
- xsd:string - |
A description of any honors program associated with the degree. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ |
- FlexibleDatesType - S (0/1) |
The date the degree was received. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ |
xsd:extension base: xsd:string |
The name of any other honors, such as Phi Beta Kappa, etc. that the student may have received. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ OtherHonors/ |
- xsd:string - |
Further defines the associated
element in the context provided. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ |
- MajorType - S (0/*) |
The official names of any and all major courses of study associated with the student's degree title. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ DegreeMajor/ |
- EntityIdType - S (0/*) |
Identifier reflecting the program code(s) associated with the course of study. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ DegreeMajor/ |
- xsd:string - S (0/*) |
An emphasis associated with a
major or field of study. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ DegreeMajor/ |
- xsd:string - S (1/*) |
A descriptive identifier within the given context. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ DegreeMajor/ |
- xsd:string - S (0/*) |
Reflects the official name of a
major option associated with the student's degree title. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ |
- MinorType - S (0/*) |
If applicable, this field should be used to reflect the official name of a minor course of study associated with the student's degree title. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ DegreeMinor/ |
- EntityIdType - S (0/*) |
Identifier reflecting the program code(s) associated with the course of study. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ DegreeMinor/ |
- xsd:string - S (1/*) |
A descriptive identifier within the given context. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ |
- EducationalMeasureType - S (0/1) |
Contains a collection of information related to scoring, rankings, or other measures of educational achievement associated with an educational degree. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ DegreeMeasure/ |
- EducationMeasureType - S (0/1) |
Contains a collection of information about a rating or grade on a particular measurement system or scale. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ DegreeMeasure/
EducationalMeasure/ |
- xsd:string - S (0/1) |
The scale against which the
educational measure can be compared. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ DegreeMeasure/
EducationalMeasure/ |
- MeasureValueType - S (0/1) |
Contains information measuring
the educational performance of the person. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ DegreeMeasure/
EducationalMeasure/ |
- MeasureValueType - S (0/1) |
The lowest possible value on the scale or rating system. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ DegreeMeasure/
EducationalMeasure/ |
- MeasureValueType - S (0/1) |
The highest possible value on the scale or rating system. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ DegreeMeasure/
EducationalMeasure/ |
- xsd:boolean - S (0/1) |
A Boolean value to indicate an
excessive value on the relevant scale or rating system. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ DegreeMeasure/
EducationalMeasure/ |
- xsd:boolean - S (0/1) |
A Boolean value to indicate whether the person is a "good student" under the criteria established by the school. Good students may be eligible for insurance discounts. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ DegreeMeasure/ |
- AcademicCreditCodeType - S (0/1) |
Code indicating the type of
credit used (awarded) by the institution. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ DegreeMeasure/ |
- CourseLevelCodeType - S (0/1) |
Code established by the National Center for Education Statistics to indicate the level or type or both, of work,
which is reflected in the grade average and the credit hours. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ DegreeMeasure/ |
- xsd:boolean - S (0/1) |
A Boolean value to indicate if this is a summary of all work included in the record. [BusinessRule(s): If True, this is a summary of all work included in the record. ] |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ DegreeMeasure/ |
- xsd:decimal - S (0/1) |
This is the total number of credits (or credit hours) included in the grade point average for this particular summary. Inclusion or exclusion of certain credits depends on the policy of the sending institution. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ DegreeMeasure/ |
- xsd:decimal - S (0/1) |
This is the total number of credits
(credit hours) attempted and earned and included in this summary. [BusinessRule(s):
This is the total number of credits (credit hours) included on the record
for this particular summary. This would normally be all credits for which the
student paid, whether or not the credits were used to calculate the grade
point average. ] |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ DegreeMeasure/ |
- xsd:decimal - S (0/1) |
This is the total number of credits (credit hours) included on the record for this particular summary. This would normally be all credits for which the student paid, whether or not the credits were used to calculate the grade point average. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ DegreeMeasure/ |
xsd:extension base: xsd:integer |
This is a student's numerical class rank with the highest student in the class having a rank or position of 1. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ DegreeMeasure/
ClassRank/ |
- xsd:integer - |
This is the total number of students in the class to help position the student's rank. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ |
- DatesOfAttendanceType - S (0/*) |
Period during which a person attended a school or institution. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/
DatesOfAttendance/ |
- FlexibleDatesType - S (1/1) |
The date, period, or interval the
event becomes active or begins. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/
DatesOfAttendance/ |
- FlexibleDatesType - S (0/1) |
Contains the (inclusive) date,
period, or interval the event becomes inactive or ends. |
|
|
/ [EduDegreeType]/ |
- xsd:string - S (0/1) |
Describes the contextual information relating to a group of elements. |
|
|
/
[EduDegreeType]/ |
- ClassificationType - S (0/*) |
Contains details specifying the type of degree. Annotation: This construct replaces the deprecated degreeType attribute, which was a union of degreeTypes, degreeCodeTypes, graduationCodeTypes, and a string. |
|
|
/
[EduDegreeType]/ DegreeClassification/ |
- EntityIdType - S (0/1) |
A unique identifier used to reference the entity. The Id is associated with the higher level element. |
|
|
/
[EduDegreeType]/ DegreeClassification/ |
- xsd:string - S (0/1) |
Describes the contextual information relating to a specific element. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Global
types |
ContentModel* |
Definition |
|
/ |
xsd:restriction base: xsd:string [Enumerations]: A, C, G, N, Q, S, U, V, X |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/ |
xsd:restriction base: xsd:string [Enumerations]: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, A, AR, B, D, DL, E, F, G, H, I, L, M, P, R, T, U, V |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/ |
xsd:restriction base: xsd:string [Enumerations]: B17, B18, B19, B20, B21, B22, B23, B24, B25, B26 |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/ |
xsd:restriction base: xsd:string [Enumerations]: secondary, high school or equivalent, some high school or equivalent, HND/HNC or equivalent, vocational, certification, some college, associates, bachelors, some post-graduate, masters, doctorate, postdoctorate, professional, postprofessional, intermediategraduate, specialeducation, ged, international |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/ |
- [Union]: degreeTypes,degreeCodeTypes,graduationCodeTypes,xsd:string |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/ |
xsd:restriction base: xsd:string [Enumerations]: graduating, qualifying |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/ |
xsd:restriction base: xsd:string [Enumerations]: 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5 |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
4 Implementation Considerations
4.1 Data Privacy
Human resources data, by its very nature, is personal data. The laws of many jurisdictions as well as codes of fair information practice require organizations to handle personal data in a way that protects individuals from loss of privacy.
The data exchange specifications developed by the HR-XML Consortium are designed to be useful across many jurisdictions and within a variety of business contexts. It is not feasible for the HR-XML Consortium to develop specific privacy guidance for every jurisdiction or business context in which the Consortium's specifications might be implemented. When implementing data exchanges using the HR-XML Consortium's data definitions (or, for that matter, using any other type of data exchange mechanism), organizations are advised to examine the privacy protections that may be required under applicable law and codes of fair information practice.
For information on protecting personal data, general references include: European Union Data Protection Directive (95/46/EC); the Association Computing Machinery Code of Ethics (1992); Canadian Standards Association Model Code for the Protection of Personal Information (1995 – PIPEDA); and U.S.-EU Safe Harbor Principles and FAQs (2000).
4.2 Structures Replacing Deprecated Items
4.2.1 Degree
Major, Minor, Measure, DatesOfAttendance, and Comments have been replaced by the similarly named elements in the Degree structure.
4.2.2 Institution Classification
Implementers faced a challenge when trying to communicate education levels across jurisdictions. High school, upper secondary education, lycee, and ISCED 3 (International Standard Classification of Education) may represent the same education level. In France, ‘college’ refers to the US equivalent of ‘junior high school’. Additionally, many jurisdictions have their own codes for each education level.
We’ve added an element (ISCEDInstitutionClassification) to allow for the use of the ISCED codes. We’ve also included a LocalInstitutionClassification structure to handle a more granular mapping of jurisdiction-specific education levels.
The schoolType attribute will be deprecated with this release and removed in a future no-backwards compatible release. ISCEDInstitutionClassification and LocalInstitutionClassification should be used instead of the schoolType attribute. Since schoolType is required, the tag must be included in xml instances. However, it should not contain a value.
<SchoolOrInstitution schoolType="">
The following examples would represent classification of a similar educational institution:
<ISCEDInstitutionClassification>3</ISCEDInstitutionClassification>
<LocalInstitutionClassification>
<Description>Highschool</Description>
</LocalInstitutionClassification>
<LocalInstitutionClassification>
<Id idOwner="Germany School System ">
<IdValue>Sekundarstufe 2</IdValue>
</Id>
<Description>Sekundarstufe 2</Description>
</LocalInstitutionClassification>
<LocalInstitutionClassification>
<Id idOwner="French School System ">
<IdValue>college</IdValue>
</Id>
<Description>Age 11-14</Description>
</LocalInstitutionClassification>
4.2.3 Degree Classification
DegreeClassification replaces the deprecated degreeType attribute, which was a union of degreeTypes, degreeCodeTypes, graduationCodeTypes, and a string. This new structure is extremely flexible, allowing the use of the existing values, as well as other jurisdiction-specific lists.
The Postsecondary Electronic Standards Council (PESC) developed a list of degrees, which were implemented as graduationCodeTypes within the EducationHistory schema. These codes may still be used within the new structure:
<DegreeClassification>
<Id idOwner="Postsecondary Electronic Standards Council (PESC)">
<IdValue>2.2</IdValue>
</Id>
<Description>Postsecondary Certificate Or Diploma</Description>
</DegreeClassification>
Example using values from the degreeCodeTypes list:
<DegreeClassification>
<Id>
<IdValue>B24</IdValue>
</Id>
<Description>General Education Development Diploma (GED)</Description>
</DegreeClassification>
Example using values from the degreeTypes list or a string:
<DegreeClassification>
<Description>bachelors</Description>
</DegreeClassification>
5 Appendix A - Document Version History
|
Date |
Description |
|
2002-Dec-08 |
Initial Draft |
|
2003-Feb-26 |
Approved recommendation by HR-XML Consortium. The default and targetNamespaces of all HR-XML schemas have been standardized to "http://ns.hr-xml.org". This recommendation is available as part of the HR-XML 2_0 architecture. |
|
2004-Apr-08 |
Add 2 elements to Degree for global use. Updated diagrams, definitions, examples, overview. |
|
2004-08-02 |
Approved by Membership |
|
2005-Aug-09 |
Removed duplicate enumeration from degreeTypes. |
|
2006-Feb-28 |
Approved by Consortium |
|
2006-Aug-11 |
Added DegreeClassification structure to replace degreeType attribute. Added ISCEDInstitutionClassification and LocalInstitutionClassification structures to replace schoolType attribute. Implementation Guidelines were added to explain the purpose and use of these new structures. |
|
2006-Sept-15 |
Added links to new examples and reference links to UNESCO and PESC documentation. |
|
2006-Oct-16 |
Added diagrams for new classification structures (CPO request). |
|
2007-Apr-15 |
Approved by Consortium. |
6 Appendix B – Related Documents
|
Reference |
Link |
|
Education History Examples |
http://ns.hr-xml.org/2_5/HR-XML-2_5/CPO/EducationHistory1.xml http://ns.hr-xml.org/2_5/HR-XML-2_5/CPO/EducationHistory2.xml http://ns.hr-xml.org/2_5/HR-XML-2_5/CPO/EducationHistory3.xml |
|
Identifier Types |
http://ns.hr-xml.org/2_5/HR-XML-2_5/CPO/EntityIdentifiers.html |
|
User Area |
|
|
PersonName |
|
|
PostalAddress |
|
|
ContactMethod |
|
|
DateTimeDataTypes |
http://ns.hr-xml.org/2_5/HR-XML-2_5/CPO/DateTimeDataTypes.html http://ns.hr-xml.org/2_5/HR-XML-2_5/CPO/DateTimeDataTypes.xsd |
|
Competencies |
|
|
ISO Utilities |
http://ns.hr-xml.org/2_5/HR-XML-2_5/CPO/GuidelinesForISOUtilities.html |
|
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) |
|
|
Postsecondary Electronic Standards Council (PESC) - XML Postsecondary Transcript Implementation Guide |
http://www.pesc.org/info/XML-Trsc-Impl-Guide-DRAFT-June-2005-rev-B.pdf
|