HR-XML 3.0 Standards, 2009 September 23.
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HR-XML Consortium's very first standards project focused on the problem of sharing information about position openings and candidates among HR and recruiting systems. The project produced a specification branded as "Staffing Exchange Protocol" (SEP). The "SEP" brand is no longer used in the Version 3.0 library. However, the underlying schemas -- though significantly revamped -- are carried forward.
The two key recruiting schemas in the HR-XML 3.0 library are:
Candidate. Defines a set of information about an applicant or prospective employee or resource. Like a resume, a Candidate document contains details about a person's education and professional experience. However, Candidate may include data that is not typically included on a Resume, such as remuneration requirements and various position preferences.
PositionOpening. Contains details about a position opening, including requirements for the position as well as administrative information, such as how to apply.
Many improvements have been made to these schemas in version 3.0. One important change is that these schemas are much more parallel and share much more content with staffing specifications, such as StaffingOrder and StaffingResource. This is intended to make it much easier for staffing companies to apply both sets of specifications.
The recruiting industry continues to evolve and new categories of service providers continue to emerge. Below are just a few of the major categories of system actors potentially involved in collaborations supported by HR-XML recruiting specifications:
Recruiting System. A system or service that provides capabilities such as hiring workflow management, position requisition creation and management, candidate intake and application portal services, applicant tracking, decision support, and integration services with external service providers. These systems most commonly are referred to as an "Applicant Tracking System". The system can be a module within a broader ERP suite or talent management system.
Contract Recruiter. This is a party that will search for candidates to fill positions on behalf of a client employer. Contract recruiters sometimes are referred to as "headhunters".
Job Board. The term job board is used to refer to a wide variety of Web sites that offer job advertising for employers and job search services for job seekers.
Job Posting Aggregators. These are services that handle the distribution of position announcements on behalf of employers and applicant tracking systems. A posting aggregator maintains interfaces with a broad cross section of job boards and career sites. Aggregators simplify the posting process for clients, since the employer or ATS only needs to send an announcement to a single party when they want to distribute announcements to multiple job boards.
Recruiting Process Outsourcer. This is a full-service provider of recruitment services that functions as a resource for recruiting needs just as an internally operated recruiting function would. A Recruiting Process Outsourcer (RPO) usually has recruitment professionals as part of its offering as well as a hosted applicant tracking system.
Staffing Supplier. A staffing supplier or "staffing agency" identifies and provides human resources to fill service requirements defined by a customer organization. Staffing companies typically maintain an employment relationship with the resources supplied to the customer. Typically, customers turn to staffing agencies to fill project-based, temporary, or so-called "contingent" staffing needs. Some customers also may use a resource's assignment under a staffing arrangement to evaluate the resource's fit for direct employment within the customer organization. Staffing suppliers typically assume legal and payroll tax obligations with repect to the resource whereas the customer merely pays the supplier a set rate (and possibly expenses) to the staffing supplier.
Resume Parser. A resume parser is a tool that lexically parses and extracts information from resumes formatted in MS Word, HTML, PDF, or plain text. HR-XML is a common target format for resume parsers. Typically, a resume parsing web service takes a request with binary content embedded as binary64 data and returns a response formatted as an HR-XML Candidate document.